Ma waho aʻe o nā hui metala, loaʻa iā mākoupōpō puluhikiwawe mea hoʻohui, ka mea i hoʻohana nuiʻia i nā papahana maʻamau e like me kaʻoihana kemika, ke kūkuluʻana, ka wai, ka wai, kaʻaila, ka māmā a me kaʻoihana kaumaha, ka pahu hau, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka paipu, ka pale ahi, a me ka mana uila. Wahi a nā mea like ʻole, hiki ke hana ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ke kūpaʻa waika, ka pale alkali, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ka ʻaila kūʻē, ka pale wela kiʻekiʻe, ka pale ʻana i ka radiation, ka pale ʻana i ka abrasion, a me ka pale ʻana i ka wā kahiko, a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻano media a me nā kaiapuni. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ke kaumaha māmā, ka maʻalahi maikaʻi, ka hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi a me ka mālama.

Ma hope o ke kau ʻana, hiki iā ia ke komo i ka lateral, axial a me ka angular displacement ma muli o ka haʻalulu o ka pipeline; ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia e ka non-concentricity o ka pipeline a ʻaʻole like ka flange. Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka walaʻau i hana ʻia e ka vibration o ka paipu wai paipu, a ikaika ka mana o ka haʻalulu.

I ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka hui ʻōpala i loko o ka pipeline, pono ia i kahi kūlana kūlohelohe, a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka huahana. I ka waika a me ka alkali o ka pipeline, ka aila, ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea kūikawā ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui ma mua o ke kaomi hana o ka pipeline. , ʻO ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i nā hui kīpē he wai maʻamau i kahi mahana o 0-60 ° C. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea ʻala kūikawā e like me ka aila, ka waikawa, ka alkali, ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā kūlana corrosive a paʻakikī ʻē aʻe no nā hui ʻōpala o nā mea kūʻokoʻa kūikawā kūpono. E hoʻohana makapō a puni honua.